Timing & Oscillators Formulas
Timing and oscillator formulas convert RC and crystal values into frequency, period, and duty cycle. These calculators help you design 555 timers, clocks, and pulse generators with predictable output. They are central to any circuit that needs a stable time base.
Timing & Oscillators Formula Calculators
- 555 Timer Astable f = 1.44 / ((R1 + 2×R2) × C)
- 555 Timer Monostable t = 1.1 × R × C
- Crystal Load Capacitance CL = (C1×C2)/(C1+C2) + Cstray
- RC Oscillator Frequency f = 1 / (2πRC)
- Crystal Frequency Stability Δf = f0 × ppm × 1e-6
- PLL Lock Time t ≈ 2π / (ωn × ζ)
- VCO Tuning Sensitivity KVCO = Δf / ΔV
- Jitter from Phase Noise Tj = √(2 × ∫L(f)df) / (2πf0)
- SPI Maximum Clock Frequency fmax = 1 / (tsetup + thold + tprop)
- CAN Bus Termination Resistor Rterm = Z0 / 2
- PLL Output Frequency fout = fref × N / R
- Delay-Matched Trace Length Δl = vp × Δt
- PWM Resolution (Bits) bits = log2(fclk / fpwm)
- Wien Bridge Oscillator Frequency f = 1 / (2π · R · C)
- Wien Bridge Gain Resistor Rf = 2 · Rg (for Av = 3)
- RC Phase-Shift Oscillator Frequency f = 1 / (2π · R · C · √6)
- Colpitts Oscillator Frequency f = 1 / (2π√(L · Cs)), Cs = C1·C2/(C1+C2)
- Hartley Oscillator Frequency f = 1 / (2π√((L1+L2) · C))
- Clapp Oscillator Frequency f = 1/(2π√(L·Cs)), 1/Cs = 1/C1+1/C2+1/C3
- DDS Output Frequency fout = M · fclk / 2ᴺ
- DDS Frequency Resolution Δf = fclk / 2ᴺ
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